What is Octane and why does it matter?

Fuel gauge

You’re driving along when that little indicator lights up, letting you know that it’s time to fill the tank.  You pull up to the pump and have to choose from 3 or 4 different “flavors” of fuel, from the benign “Regular” to the spirited “Super” or “Premium”.  Now the only apparent difference in these fuels, other than price (we’ll talk about detergent properties at another time) seems to be this posted Octane rating, ranging from 87 or so for the regular, to 94 for the Premiums.  What exactly does this Octane rating mean though?  Will using a higher octane fuel give you better performance?  Will using a lower octane ruin your engine?  Before answering these questions, let’s first learn what octane is and why it’s in your fuel.

If you’re not familiar with how your engine works, take a look at How Stuff Works for a good explanation.

Octane is a hydrocarbon in the same family as butane, methane, and propane.  When added to fuel along with another hydrocarbon, heptane or it’s equivalent, the combination causes the fuel to become more resistant to spontaneously igniting under compression in the cylinder.  You can hear this ignition when it happens, your engine will be “knocking”.  Why is this important? Well, your engine is a well-tuned piece of machinery and when the explosions in the cylinder happen out of sequence it can cause serious damage to the internal workings.  Generally speaking, the number on the pump represents the percentage of octane to heptane in the anti-knock mixture.  87 rating is 87/13 octane/heptane, 93 is 93% octane and 7% heptane.  Those of us who have been around awhile will remember the days of leaded fuels.  Tetraethyl lead added to fuel allows for even higher compression than 100% octane, however due to the environmental impact, and the damage that leaded fuel does to the exhaust system on a modern car, it has been banned for use motor vehicles.

91 requirement 90 requirement

Different engines have different compression ratios, usually this means the higher the performance capability, the higher the ratio.  Therefore, higher performance engines will require a higher octane rated fuel to perform safely and optimally.  Usually this will be noted near the gas cap, or on the dashboard by the fuel gauge.  For example our minivan has a 3.8L V6 engine, the compression ratio is 9.6:1, my 1400cc sportbike has a compression ratio of  12.0:1 and a minimum octane requirement of 90.   In any case the manufacturer will have supplied their minimum octane recommendation for your vehicle, and it’s always best to at least match what they specify.  The engineers know best.  Using a fuel rated higher than specified won’t give you any better performance, but using one with a lower rating can lessen your performance, and even worse cause major mechanical problems.  Personally, I only use a brand name premium detergent gas in all of my vehicles, those that need it and those that don’t, but that’s just me.  Whatever you drive, I hope you’re better able to make the best choice for you and your vehicle.

10 Comments

  1. Bruce Sallan (@BruceSallan)

    What does my Volt take? High octane electricity? JUST KIDDING…I don’t have a Volt…

  2. Jayme Silvestri

    I am no longer sure where you are getting your info, however good topic. I must spend a while studying much more or understanding more. Thank you for wonderful information I was searching for this information for my mission.

  3. Ashley Jones

    Great post. I was checking constantly this weblog and I am inspired! Extremely useful information specially the ultimate section 🙂 I deal with such information a lot. I was looking for this particular info for a long time. Thanks and best of luck.

  4. Joseph Donahue

    Might be near unthinkable to find well-educated readers on this theme, however you seem like you are familiar with the things you’re revealing! Many Thanks

  5. Jayme Silvestri

    Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally,it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point.You obviously know what youre talking about,

  6. Joseph Donahue

    Incredibly very cool web-site. Unbelievably good toward go through and rather significantly attention-grabbing content. Surely year incorporates not however come back and greet.

  7. Nora Tenorio

    Wonderful paintings! This is the kind of info that are meant to be shared around the web. Shame on the search engines for no longer positioning this submit upper! Come on over and discuss with my website . Thank you =)

  8. Paul Brown

    I’ve been exploring for a little for any high-quality articles or weblog posts in this sort of house . Exploring in Yahoo I at last stumbled upon this site. Studying this info So i am happy to express that I’ve an incredibly good uncanny feeling I came upon just what I needed.

  9. Paul Brown

    I will immediately snatch your rss as I can not find your e-mail subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Please permit me recognise in order that I may just subscribe. Thanks.

  10. Nora Tenorio

    For instance it adds Cash,Clams and Unlock All Characters and Outfits which are fully plain indispensable in Household Man The Quest for Stuff.

Leave a Reply